implications human heart cells that are adults than
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
Frequent Urination And Dehydration
bony fishes and small zebrafish have a remarkable ability that mammals can only dream of: if you cut a piece of your heart swim slowly for a few days but dentro de un mes parece perfectamente normal. Cómo lograr esto o, más importante aún, ¿por qué no podemos es una de las cuestiones importantes en la medicina regenerativa en la actualidad.
En un artículo publicado en el 25 de marzo 2010 de la revista Nature, los investigadores que trabajan en el Instituto Salk para Estudios Biológicos y el Centro de Medicina Regenerativa de Barcelona (CMRB) identificó una población de células del corazón de peces que es el origen de esta hazaña asombrosa curación, un hallazgo que podría dar an idea of how mammalian hearts could be persuaded to repair after injury caused by a heart attack.
Izpisúa Juan Carlos Belmonte, Ph.D., professor in the Gene Expression Laboratory, the team is not the stem cells-the "usual" suspects regeneration to mend a heart wounded fish. In contrast, the repair is done differentiated heart muscle cells known as cardiomyocytes, the adult cell whose normal job is to provide the contractile force of the heart.
"What the results of our study show that Mother Nature is used other ways besides going all the way back to pluripotent stem cells to regenerate tissues and organs," says Izpisúa Belmonte, noting that at least in fish, the body may have evolved remarkable strategies repair driven by the types of cells with more experience than the stem cells .
Para identificar qué células realmente provistos en el músculo extirpado corazón del pez cebra, el equipo de Izpisúa Belmonte empleado por primera vez algo de ingeniería genética para hacer sólo los cardiomiocitos "transgénicos" mediante la inserción en ellas un gen marcador que les hizo brillan en color verde bajo un microscopio.
A continuación, literalmente cortó alrededor del 20% de cada ventrículo peces y esperó un par de semanas para que el corazón para regenerate: regenerate heart muscle if you do not shine, would mean that cells other than cardiomyocytes, such as a cardiac stem cell population, had replaced the muscle damaged.
But in a surprising finding, all muscle cells regenerate heart glowed green, indicating that other well-established cardiomyocytes after injury had probably returned to a "youngest" the state, began to divide again to replenish lost cells and then matured for a second time in the new heart muscle. The group also showed cardiomyocytes lost youth recaptured in part by the revival of the production of proteins associated with cell proliferation, factors normally expressed in immature progenitors.
human hearts can not have this type of regenerative changes yourself. When damaged by a heart attack, our heart muscle is replaced by scar tissue incapable of contracting. However, prior heart failure, the damaged heart muscle cells of mammals enter a state save yourself known as "hibernation", which no longer Hiring n an effort to survive.
Chris Jopling, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow in the CMRB Izpisúa Belmonte and first author of the study, believes that the human heart "hibernation" as significant. "During the regeneration of the heart in zebrafish were found cardiomyocytes displayed structural changes similar to those seen in hibernating cardiomyocytes, "he said, noting that these changes are really necessary before the fish cardiomyoctes could begin to split. "Because of these similarities, we hypothesize that hibernating mammals cardiomyocytes may represent cells that are trying to proliferate."
So the good news is that the heart of mammals can undergo a kind of metabolism "downsizing" this is a prelude to cell division. "This idea fits well with the findings of a number of groups - which led to the expression of cell cycle regulators can induce proliferation of cardiomyocytes in mammals," says Jopling. "Maybe all you need is a bit of a nudge in the right direction."
A search focuses on the factors that could supply that push. Although he's optimistic about the outcome, Belmonte also Izpisúa believes the study should be careful not to overlook the researchers to the potential contributions that could grow cells for regeneration. "We can not see the differentiated cells as a static endpoint of the differentiation process," says Izpisúa Belmonte, who also heads the CMRB. "If we could mimic in mammalian cells that occurs in zebrafish, we might be able to understand why regeneration no se produce en los seres humanos."
También contribuyó a este trabajo fueron Merce Marti, Ph.D., Ángel Raya, MD, Ph.D., del sueño de Edward y Raya Marina, todos los CMRB en España.
El estudio fue financiado en parte por la Fundación Cellex, la Fundación Ipsen, el G. Harold y Leila Y. Mathers Fundación Caritativa, los Institutos Nacionales de Salud, y Sanofi-Aventis.
Acerca del Instituto Salk para Estudios Biológicos:
El Instituto Salk para Estudios Biológicos es una de las instituciones de investigación quintessential core of the world where the faculty renowned international probe fundamental questions of life sciences in a unique, collaborative, and creative. So focused on the discovery and advise future generations of researchers, scientists at Salk make contributions to the understanding of cancer, aging, diabetes, Alzheimer's and infectious diseases through the study of neuroscience, genetics, cell biology and plant and related disciplines. Faculty
achievements have been recognized with numerous awards, including Nobel laureates and members National Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1960 by polio vaccine pioneer Jonas Salk, MD, the Institute is an independent, nonprofit and architectural landmark.
En un artículo publicado en el 25 de marzo 2010 de la revista Nature, los investigadores que trabajan en el Instituto Salk para Estudios Biológicos y el Centro de Medicina Regenerativa de Barcelona (CMRB) identificó una población de células del corazón de peces que es el origen de esta hazaña asombrosa curación, un hallazgo que podría dar an idea of how mammalian hearts could be persuaded to repair after injury caused by a heart attack.
Izpisúa Juan Carlos Belmonte, Ph.D., professor in the Gene Expression Laboratory, the team is not the stem cells-the "usual" suspects regeneration to mend a heart wounded fish. In contrast, the repair is done differentiated heart muscle cells known as cardiomyocytes, the adult cell whose normal job is to provide the contractile force of the heart.
"What the results of our study show that Mother Nature is used other ways besides going all the way back to pluripotent stem cells to regenerate tissues and organs," says Izpisúa Belmonte, noting that at least in fish, the body may have evolved remarkable strategies repair driven by the types of cells with more experience than the stem cells .
Para identificar qué células realmente provistos en el músculo extirpado corazón del pez cebra, el equipo de Izpisúa Belmonte empleado por primera vez algo de ingeniería genética para hacer sólo los cardiomiocitos "transgénicos" mediante la inserción en ellas un gen marcador que les hizo brillan en color verde bajo un microscopio.
A continuación, literalmente cortó alrededor del 20% de cada ventrículo peces y esperó un par de semanas para que el corazón para regenerate: regenerate heart muscle if you do not shine, would mean that cells other than cardiomyocytes, such as a cardiac stem cell population, had replaced the muscle damaged.
But in a surprising finding, all muscle cells regenerate heart glowed green, indicating that other well-established cardiomyocytes after injury had probably returned to a "youngest" the state, began to divide again to replenish lost cells and then matured for a second time in the new heart muscle. The group also showed cardiomyocytes lost youth recaptured in part by the revival of the production of proteins associated with cell proliferation, factors normally expressed in immature progenitors.
human hearts can not have this type of regenerative changes yourself. When damaged by a heart attack, our heart muscle is replaced by scar tissue incapable of contracting. However, prior heart failure, the damaged heart muscle cells of mammals enter a state save yourself known as "hibernation", which no longer Hiring n an effort to survive.
Chris Jopling, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow in the CMRB Izpisúa Belmonte and first author of the study, believes that the human heart "hibernation" as significant. "During the regeneration of the heart in zebrafish were found cardiomyocytes displayed structural changes similar to those seen in hibernating cardiomyocytes, "he said, noting that these changes are really necessary before the fish cardiomyoctes could begin to split. "Because of these similarities, we hypothesize that hibernating mammals cardiomyocytes may represent cells that are trying to proliferate."
So the good news is that the heart of mammals can undergo a kind of metabolism "downsizing" this is a prelude to cell division. "This idea fits well with the findings of a number of groups - which led to the expression of cell cycle regulators can induce proliferation of cardiomyocytes in mammals," says Jopling. "Maybe all you need is a bit of a nudge in the right direction."
A search focuses on the factors that could supply that push. Although he's optimistic about the outcome, Belmonte also Izpisúa believes the study should be careful not to overlook the researchers to the potential contributions that could grow cells for regeneration. "We can not see the differentiated cells as a static endpoint of the differentiation process," says Izpisúa Belmonte, who also heads the CMRB. "If we could mimic in mammalian cells that occurs in zebrafish, we might be able to understand why regeneration no se produce en los seres humanos."
También contribuyó a este trabajo fueron Merce Marti, Ph.D., Ángel Raya, MD, Ph.D., del sueño de Edward y Raya Marina, todos los CMRB en España.
El estudio fue financiado en parte por la Fundación Cellex, la Fundación Ipsen, el G. Harold y Leila Y. Mathers Fundación Caritativa, los Institutos Nacionales de Salud, y Sanofi-Aventis.
Acerca del Instituto Salk para Estudios Biológicos:
El Instituto Salk para Estudios Biológicos es una de las instituciones de investigación quintessential core of the world where the faculty renowned international probe fundamental questions of life sciences in a unique, collaborative, and creative. So focused on the discovery and advise future generations of researchers, scientists at Salk make contributions to the understanding of cancer, aging, diabetes, Alzheimer's and infectious diseases through the study of neuroscience, genetics, cell biology and plant and related disciplines. Faculty
achievements have been recognized with numerous awards, including Nobel laureates and members National Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1960 by polio vaccine pioneer Jonas Salk, MD, the Institute is an independent, nonprofit and architectural landmark.
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