amniotic fluid cells more efficiently reprogrammed to pluripotency of adult
In a breakthrough that can help fill a critical need in the stem cell research and patient care, researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have shown that cells skin found in human amniotic fluid can be effectively "reprogrammed" to pluripotency, which have characteristics similar to human embryonic stem cells can become virtually any cell in the human body. The study is online now and will appear in print in the next issue of the journal of cell reprogramming (before cloning and stem cells), to be published next month.
Mount Sinai researchers found that compared with cultured skin cells of adult, amniotic fluid, skin cells form colonies of stem cells in half the time and gave up nearly 200 percent number. Reprogramación de las células de la piel del feto también reduce significativamente el costo de generar específicas del paciente células madre pluripotentes inducidas, en comparación con reprogramación de otros tipos de células.
"Sigue siendo hoy una necesidad en la investigación de células madre para un tipo de células reprogramables fácilmente", dijo el autor principal del estudio, el Dr. Katalin Polgar, Profesor Asistente de Medicina, Cardiología y Obstetricia, ginecología y ciencias reproductivas, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. "Nuestro estudio demuestra que la reprogramación de cultivo, diferenciación terminal de líquido amniótico cells results in pluripotent stem cells that are identical to human embryonic stem cells, and is much easier, faster and more efficient than the neonatal and adult cell reprogramming. "
skin cells amniotic fluid can obtain safe for pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis at about 15 weeks of pregnancy as part of a diagnostic study of chromosome aberrations and other genetic diseases. About 99 percent of the cells found in amniotic fluid are terminally differentiated cells mostly fetal skin, that are deposited in the amniotic fluid as a fetus develops. Because these cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency more efficient than other types of cells, could be an important source of generation of stem cells for basic research and future therapies and can be used to study and cure diseases threatening human embryonic prenatal therapy , perinatal gene.
"We amniotic fluid induced skin cells to return to its final stage differentiated back to an undifferentiated stage where stem cells can develop into any cell type in the body," said Dr. Polgar. "The fluid cells amniotic work much better than any other cell type when you turn back your "internal clock." These cells can potentially be used as a model system to study various regenerative therapies for heart, liver, kidney, lung, pancreas, and for the replacement of neurons lost in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, including vaccines against cancer. Also be used for the future of personalized stem cell banks. as induced pluripotent stem cells from skin cells of amniotic fluid are cells from the patient, no immunorejection risk or teratocarcinoma formation.
"In addition, stem cells from amniotic fluid reprogrammed skin cells could be used for drug discovery in disease models," added Dr. Polgar. "Its potential use in toxicology models could reduce the need for experimental animals. The development of individual cell lines from amniotic fluid can accelerate the development of existing targets for different diseases. All this will bring new opportunities to explore innovative therapeutic models or custom white regenerative medicine. "
Scientists were able to genetically reprogram the skin cells of amniotic fluid, using four transcription factors (proteins that regulate gene transcription) OCT3 / 4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-MYC. After reprogramming, the cells were found to be identical to human embryonic stem cells in many ways, including morphological features and growth, antigenic markers of stem cells, gene expression of stem cell and telomerase activity in vitro and in vivo differentiation.
"These reprogrammed cells from the fluid amniotic are capable of forming, such as embryonic stem cells, three-dimensional spheroid structures called "embryoid bodies. "They also have the ability to self-renew indefinitely. Pluripotent stem cells created from amniotic fluid cells derive from the fetal skin to maintain the full potential of embryonic stem cells without using embryos, thus eliminating the ethical concerns associated with stem cells human embryonic preimplantation embryos obtained, "said Dr. Polgar.
addition to Dr. Katalin Polgar, co-authors of the study are: Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, Director, Mount Sinai Heart, the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Roger Hajjar, MD, Professor, Director of Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Robert J. Desnick, MD, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Dean of Genetics and Genomics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Michael Brodman, MD, Professor and Chairman of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Related article
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